三叶草根际溶磷菌溶磷及分泌IAA能力测定

为了获得优良的菌株资源,采用溶磷圈法、钼锑抗比色法和Spot、S2比色法,定性、定量测定了分离自三叶草根际10株溶磷细菌的溶磷和分泌植物生长激素(IAA)的能力,结果表明:各菌株在PKO无机磷培养液中的有效磷增量在106.63～666.01mg/L(P<0.05),菌株ls1-3有效磷增量最大;各菌株在蒙金娜有机磷培养液中的有效磷增量在0.32～58.42mg/L(P<0.05),菌株lhs11有效磷增量最大;有些菌株既能溶解无机磷,又能溶解有机磷,如菌株lhs4和lhs11;有些菌株能溶解无机磷,但无溶解有机磷的能力,如菌株ls1-3和ls1-5。除3个菌株(ls2-11、ls2-16和ls3-2)外,其他菌株都能分泌IAA,分泌量在0.36～20.39mg/L(P<0.05),菌株ls3-5分泌能力最强(20.39μg/mL)。菌株ls1-3、ls2-3、ls3-5、lhs4和lhs11有望作为研制微生物肥料的优良菌株。     

Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mixed pasture of timothy and orchardgrass,and its badly preserved silage

In order to understand the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species and silage fermentation, a total of 65 LAB strains isolated from mixed pasture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and its badly preserved silages were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis. According to these analyses, the isolates were divided into 13 groups, including Enterococcus gallinarum, Lactobacillus acidipiscis, L. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, L. curvatus, L. paraplantarum, L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella hellenica, Weissella paramesenteroides and Carnobacterium divergens. This is the first report to document that C. divergens, L. acidipiscis, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, L. garvieae, phenotypically novel L. lactis subsp. cremoris, E. gallinarum and W. hellenica are present in vegetative forage crops. L. plantarum group strains were most frequently isolated from the badly preserved silages. Some isolates showed a wide range of growth preferences for carbohydrate utilization, optimal growth pH and temperature in vitro, indicating that they have a high growth potential. These results are useful in understanding the diversity of LAB associated with decayed silage of timothy and orchardgrass.     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

Antimicrobial activity of a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) against methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which is included in the innate immune system of mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about antimicrobial peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP‐28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its activity against methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. We found that the peptide was effective in killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5–20 µg/mL). It was also revealed that MSSA (MIC range; 1.25–20 µg/mL) had two levels of susceptibility to BMAP‐28. We also examined the effect of BMAP‐28 on bacterial shape to visually show its activity. After exposure to the peptide, both MSSA and MRSA cells showed the morphological changes on their surfaces. Our results indicate that BMAP‐28 is a promising candidate for medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria.     

微生态制剂在海参养殖中的应用

本文就微生态制剂在海参养殖中的应用及应用中应注意的问题作一综述。     

临床型乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

本研究无菌采集唐山市某奶牛场临床型乳房炎病牛的奶样30份,对奶样进行了病原菌的分离培养、生化鉴定及药敏试验。从30份奶样中共分离到8种156株细菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌58株(37.2%)、大肠杆菌17株(10.9%)、表皮葡萄球菌10株(6.4%)、无乳链球菌38株(24.4%)、乳房链球菌15株(9.6%)、停乳链球菌16株(10.3%)、克雷伯氏菌1株(0.6%)、变形杆菌1株(0.6%)。结果表明,葡萄球菌、链球菌为主要病原菌,其次是大肠杆菌,占总菌数的98.7%(154/156);药敏试验结果表明,主要致病菌对中药组方1(M、G)(蒲公英、连翘、瓜蒌、通草、川芎、土贝母、芙蓉叶、金银花、王不留行、当归)、中药组方2(G)(黄芪、党参、当归、通草、川芎、白术、木通、甘草、王不留行、路路通)、中药复方黄连乳腺炎注射液(M)、新霉素呈高度敏感。     

Long‐term effects of liming on the fine‐root standing crop of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in relation to chemical changes in the soil

The long‐term effects of lime application on fine roots of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.), have been studied in five experimental forest stands subjected to different lime applications 5 to 18 years before the present study was undertaken. The effects of liming does not seem to significantly influence fine‐root development in forest stands in the long term. The only response to liming in measured root variables was a tendency to increased specific root length (SRL = fine‐root length/fine‐root dry weight, m/g). A correlation between increased SRL, decreased root biomass and increased stem volume growth was indicated. Changes in water extractable amounts of mineral elements—P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, S, Al and Fe‐in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil from the mineral soil layers were studied in a control area and an area treated with 3830 kg CaCO₃ ha^‐1. Few significant differences were found between treatments, and then mainly in the case of Ca.     

杨树解磷细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌发酵罐扩繁条件优化

对杨树高效解磷细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)JYZ-SD1和荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)JW-JS1在3L发酵罐里发酵条件进行优化。结果显示这两株解磷细菌在72h内都是接种量20%、转速400 r/min、通气量100ln/h条件下菌体生长量最大。为将这两株杨树根际解磷细菌更高效、更大量的扩繁提供参考依据。     

生长育肥猪胃肠道正常厌氧菌群的数量和分区

采用厌氧微生物学方法,对2头育肥猪的胃、小肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的固相、液相和粘膜中的总厌氧菌、淀粉分解菌,纤维分解菌和蛋白分解菌的数量分布和比例进行了研究,结果表明,上述总厌摒力和3种功能菌群的数量在胃和小肠区段固相内容物中占绝对优势,而在盲肠、结肠和直肠内容物中以液相菌群占绝对优势,在胃和小肠区段,固相,液相内容物中3种功能菌群的数量间无明显差异,但在盲肠、结肠和直肠段,固相、液相内容物中淀粉分解菌和蛋白分解菌为优势菌群,在各区段胃肠道粘膜中,胃和小肠的3种菌群的数量相对较低,盲肠粘膜中主要菌群数量分布为蛋白分解菌＞淀粉分解菌＞纤维分解菌（P＜0．01）;而结肠和直肠粘膜中以淀粉分解菌占绝对优势。     

水稻病原细菌鉴定方法的比较研究

对Biolog细菌鉴定法（借助于计算机的数值分类法）、甲基脂肪酸气相色谱分析法（FAMEs）、基础细菌学、选择性培养基及致病性测定等方法鉴定18个水稻标准病原细菌进行了比较。Biolog 和FAMEs 鉴定细菌较可靠和快速,但由于目前水稻病原细菌的计算机数据库尚不完备,鉴定部分细菌需用其它补充方法。